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Tribology

CNC Coolant Selection Guide

Soluble, Synthetic, or Oil? The wrong choice produces rust, foam, and dermatitis. The right choice doubles tool life.

The 4 Categories of Metalworking Fluids

1. Soluble Oil (Emulsion)Milky White

Composition: ~50% Mineral oil based. Mixed with water.

Best Lubricity
Rot/Bacteria prone
Good for Aluminum
"Monday Morning Smell"
2. Semi-SyntheticTranslucent Blue/Clear

Composition: 5-30% Mineral oil + polymers.

Good Balance
Can foam in soft water
Cleaner than oil
Moderate Lubricity

Best For: General Purpose Job Shops (Mills & Lathes).

3. Full SyntheticClear / Dyed

Composition: 0% Oil. Pure chemical polymers.

Zero Bacteria/Rot
Sticky residue
Excellent cooling
Poor Lubricity (Tapping)
4. Straight OilAmber Oil

Composition: 100% Oil. No water.

Ultimate Surface Finish
Fire Hazard
Tool life (Swiss)
Smoking / Mist

Best For: Swiss Lathes, Medical Titanium, Gun Drilling.

Concentration Matters

Most bacterial problems are caused by Lean Coolant (low percent). Bacteria eat the oil when the pH drops. Keep it at 7-10% to "starve" the bugs.

Warning

Never put straight oil in a machine designed for water-based coolant without a Fire Suppression System. It will catch fire.